A soil sample can be analysed to determine its composition, nutrient levels and characteristics such as the pH balance. Soil testing is usually carried out as part of a programme, comprising of four phases:

• Soil sampling
• Sample analysis
• Data interpretation
• Soil management recommendations

Soil tests can help determine soil fertility levels and identify nutrient deficiencies, potential toxicity and trace minerals. It is also important for monitoring the stages of land degradation, acting as a first step in defence by regularly gathering information on which to base land management and fertiliser decisions over time.